Skip Feature For A Broadcast Or Multicast Media Station

ABSTRACT

A skip function for broadcast or multicast media content is disclosed. In general, a receiving device simultaneously receives two or more content streams transmitted for one or more receiving device and provides a skip function by buffering and switching between the two or more content streams. Initially, the receiving device provides playback of a first content stream of the two or more content streams. During playback of the first content stream, the receiving device buffers one or more most recently received content items from the other content streams. When a skip request is received, the receiving device performs a skip function by switching playback from the first content stream to a second content stream of the two or more content streams beginning at the start of the one or more most recently received content items from the second content stream that have been buffered at the receiving device.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED ASSETS

This application is a Continuation of co-pending U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 12/882,419, entitled “Skip Feature For A Broadcast Or MulticastMedia Station, which was filed on Sep. 15, 2010, which is aContinuation-In-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/768,980which was filed on Apr. 28, 2010 and claims the benefit of ProvisionalPatent Application Ser. No. 61/173,624, filed Apr. 29, 2009, thedisclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference intheir entireties.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure relates to a skip feature for a broadcast ormulticast media content such as that delivered via one or more broadcastor multicast radio stations.

BACKGROUND

Many Internet radio stations provide a skip feature using a unicastcommunication channel to each user (i.e., each user is delivered aseparate radio stream). As such, each user is enabled to independentlyskip ahead if they do not want to listen to the current song. Such askip feature is a key feature in that it gives the users listeningchoices without changing radio stations and provides a means by whichusers are interactively engaged with the radio station broadcast. Thislevel of engagement allows the radio station or provider to confirm thepresence of the user with respect to advertisement impression reportingor song royalty reporting.

However, the current skip features of Internet radio stations that useseparate unicast streams to each individual user are inapplicable tobroadcast or multicast media stations where multiple users are deliveredthe same content stream. As such, there is a need for a skip feature forbroadcast or multicast media stations.

SUMMARY

A skip function for broadcast or multicast media content is disclosed.In general, a receiving device simultaneously receives two or morecontent streams transmitted for one or more radio stations and providesa skip function by buffering and switching between the two or morecontent streams in response to a skip request. Upon simultaneouslyreceiving the two or more content streams, the receiving device providesplayback of a first content stream of the two or more content streams.During playback of the first content stream, the receiving devicebuffers one or more most recently received content items from the othercontent streams of the two or more content streams. When a skip requestis received, the receiving device performs a skip function by switchingplayback from the first content stream to a second content stream of thetwo or more content streams beginning at the start of the one or moremost recently received content items from the second content stream thathave been buffered at the receiving device.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate the scope of the presentinvention and realize additional aspects thereof after reading thefollowing detailed description of the preferred embodiments inassociation with the accompanying drawing figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES

The accompanying drawing figures incorporated in and forming a part ofthis specification illustrate several aspects of the invention, andtogether with the description serve to explain the principles of theinvention.

FIG. 1 illustrates a system in which a skip feature is implemented for abroadcast or multicast media station according to one embodiment of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 2 graphically illustrates two exemplary content streams for a mediastation enabling a skip feature according to one embodiment of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of one of thereceiving devices of FIG. 1;

FIGS. 4A-4H graphically illustrate the operation of the receiving deviceof FIG. 3 to provide a skip feature for a broadcast or multicast mediastation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 5A-5I graphically illustrate the operation of the receiving deviceof FIG. 3 to provide a skip feature for a broadcast or multicast mediastation according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 illustrates a system in which a skip feature is implemented forbroadcast or multicast media content according to another embodiment ofthe present disclosure;

FIG. 7A graphically illustrates multiple exemplary content streams for asingle media station enabling a skip feature according to one embodimentof the present disclosure;

FIG. 7B graphically illustrates multiple exemplary content streams frommultiple media stations enabling a skip feature according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of one of thereceiving devices of FIG. 6;

FIGS. 9A-9I graphically illustrate the operation of the buffermanagement function of the receiving device of FIG. 8 according to oneembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 10A-10C graphically illustrate the operation of the buffermanagement function of the receiving device of FIG. 8 according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 11A-11C graphically illustrate the operation of the buffermanagement function of the receiving device of FIG. 8 according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure; and

FIGS. 12A-12C graphically illustrate the operation of the buffermanagement function of the receiving device of FIG. 8 according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The embodiments set forth below represent the necessary information toenable those skilled in the art to practice the invention and illustratethe best mode of practicing the invention. Upon reading the followingdescription in light of the accompanying drawing figures, those skilledin the art will understand the concepts of the invention and willrecognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressedherein. It should be understood that these concepts and applicationsfall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.

FIG. 1 illustrates a system 10 in which a skip feature is implementedfor a broadcast or multicast media station according to one embodimentof the present disclosure. As used herein, a media station is preferablyeither a radio station (e.g., WCMC-HD 99.9 FM in Raleigh-Durham, N.C. orthe like) or a television station (e.g., NBC, ABC, CBS, FOX, or thelike). The system 10 includes a media station server 12 that operates toprovide streaming content for a media station to a number of receivingdevices 14-1 through 14-N₁ having associated users 16-1 through 16-N₁via an Internet Protocol (IP) based infrastructure. In this embodiment,the IP based infrastructure includes a streaming IP server 18 and an IPbased network 20. The IP based network 20 is preferably a global networksuch as the Internet. However, the present disclosure is not limitedthereto.

In addition, the media station server 12 operates to provide thestreaming content for the media station to a number of receiving devices22-1 through 22-N₂ having associated users 24-1 through 24-N₂ via aterrestrial broadcast infrastructure. In this embodiment, theterrestrial broadcast infrastructure includes broadcasting towers 26 and28. While two broadcasting towers 26 and 28 are illustrated in thisembodiment, the terrestrial broadcast infrastructure may include anynumber of one or more broadcasting towers. Note that while both thereceiving devices 14-1 through 14-N₁ and the receiving devices 22-1through 22-N₂ are discussed herein, the media station server 12 mayalternatively deliver the streaming content for the media station toonly the receiving devices 14-1 through 14-N₁ via the IP basedinfrastructure or only the receiving devices 22-1 through 22-N₂ via theterrestrial broadcast infrastructure. Also, while not illustrated, theconcepts discussed herein are also applicable to a satellite broadcastnetwork such as, for example, satellite radio (e.g., XM/Sirius satelliteradio).

The media station server 12 is a physical server that operates totransmit streaming media content for a media station according to aprogramming schedule generated by a programming function 30. Morespecifically, as discussed below, the media station server 12 transmitstwo different content streams for the media station in order to enable askip function at the receiving devices 14-1 through 14-N₁ and 22-1through 22-N₂. Notably, the two content streams each contain differentmedia content for a single media station. The media station server 12preferably transmits the two different content streams simultaneously.For example, the two different content streams may be transmitted atsubstantially the same time via separate sub-carrier frequencies of asingle HD radio channel, transmitted at substantially the same time indifferent time slots of a single Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)channel, or the like. Further, the two different content streams may betransmitted by the media station server 12 using a traditional streamingprotocol wherein the two different content streams are streamed inreal-time. In another embodiment, the two different content streams maybe streamed using progressive downloading. For progressive downloading,chunks of content for each of the two different content streams areprogressively downloaded as needed. For example, if a ten second chunkof content can be downloaded in three seconds, then the media stationserver 12 may progressively download ten second chunks of the contentfor each of the two different content streams approximately every tenseconds. The remaining capacity of the transmission channel may be usedfor additional services.

The programming function 30 may be implemented in software, hardware, ora combination thereof. The programming function 30 operates to generateprogramming schedules for the two content streams. For each of the twocontent streams for the media station, the programming schedule includesa number of media items, which in this embodiment are from a contentdatabase 32. The content database 32 includes a number of media items orreferences to a number of media items that may be distributed on themedia station. The media items may be audio items such as songs, news,and audio advertisements; video items such as television programs,movies, and video advertisements; or the like.

In the preferred embodiment, the programming function 30 operates togenerate the programming schedules for the two content streams such thatthe media station complies with one or more rights management rulesrelating to the distribution of media content on the media station. Theone or more rights management rules may be provided in one or morelicenses granted for media content to be distributed on the mediastation. For instance, in an embodiment where the media station is aradio station, the programming function 30 may generate the programmingschedules for the two content streams for the radio station to complywith the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) in such a manner as toavoid payment of music-on-demand type fees or charges. Some key rules ofthe DMCA are summarized as follows:

-   -   a radio station cannot perform sound recordings within one hour        of a request by a listener or at a time designated by the        listener;    -   in any three hour period, a radio station cannot intentionally        include more than three songs (and not more than two songs in a        row) from the same recording and cannot include more than four        songs (and no more than three songs in a row) from the same        recording artist or anthology/box set;    -   continuous looped programs on a radio station may not be less        than three hours long;    -   rebroadcasts of programs may be performed at scheduled times as        follows:        -   programs of less than one hour: no more than three times in            a two-week period; and        -   programs longer than one hour: no more than four times in            any two-week period; and    -   advance program guides or other means cannot be used to        pre-announce when particular sound recordings will be played on        a radio station.

When generating the programming schedules for the two content streams tocomply with the one or more rights management rules, the programmingfunction 30 may take into account possible skip events that may occur atthe receiving devices 14-1 through 14-N₁ and 22-1 through 22-N₂. Inaddition or alternatively, the receiving devices 14-1 through 14-N₁ and22-1 through 22-N₂ may perform a Digital Rights Management (DRM)function in order to ensure compliance with one or more rightsmanagement rules. For example, the receiving devices 14-1 through 14-N₁and 22-1 through 22-N₂ may prevent a skip from one media item to anothermedia item if the skip would violate the one or more rights managementrules relating to delivery of media content on the media station. Notethat these rights management rules may be downloaded from a remotesource such as, but not limited to, the media station server 12.

The receiving devices 14-1 through 14-N₁ and 22-1 through 22-N₂ aregenerally any type of devices capable of receiving and processing thetwo content streams for the media station via the IP basedinfrastructure or the terrestrial broadcast infrastructure,respectively. For example, each of the receiving devices 14-1 through14-N₁ may be a personal computer, a mobile smart phone having a cellularnetwork connection to the IP based network 20, a portable media playerhaving a local wireless connection (e.g., IEEE 802.11x) to the IP basednetwork 20, a set-top box, or the like. Similarly, each of the receivingdevices 22-1 through 22-N₂ may be, for example, an HD radio receiver, amobile phone equipped with an HD receiver, a portable media playerequipped with an HD receiver, or the like.

Using the receiving device 14-1 as an example for the receiving devices14-1 through 14-N₁, the receiving device 14-1 generally operates toreceive the two content streams simultaneously transmitted by the mediastation server 12 for the media station via the IP based infrastructure.More specifically, the streaming IP server 18 receives the two contentstreams for the media station from the media station server 12 and thentransmits the two content streams for the media station over the IPbased network 20 using a multicast channel. For example, the streamingIP server 18 may multicast the two content streams for the media stationusing a single Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) multicast channel(i.e., transmitted using a single IPv6 multicast IP address).Alternatively, a different multicast channel may be used for each of thetwo content streams for the media station. The receiving device 14-1tunes to, or otherwise selects, the multicast channel for the mediastation and begins playback of one of the two content streams, which isreferred to as a first content stream of the two content streams. Theone of the two content streams selected as the first content stream forplayback may be determined by the receiving device 14-1. For example, inorder to allow the skip feature to be available in the shortest amountof time, the receiving device 14-1 may select the one of the two contentstreams with the greatest amount of time before starting a next mediaitem as the first content stream.

In one embodiment, in addition to starting playback of the first contentstream, the receiving device 14-1 begins buffering a most recent mediaitem received on the other content stream, which is referred to as asecond content stream or auxiliary content stream. During playback ofthe first content stream, the receiving device 14-1 continues to receivethe second content stream and buffer the most recent media item receivedon the second content stream. Thus, as new media items are received onthe second content stream, the most recent media item buffered by thereceiving device 14-1 is updated. Note that the receiving device 14-1may be enabled to detect the end of one media item and the start of anext media item in a content stream using any known technique. Forexample, the content streams may include markers or breaks that identifythe start of each media item in the content stream. In addition, themarkers or breaks may identify the playback lengths of the media items,the file sizes of the media items, or the like. When the user 16-1initiates a skip, the receiving device 14-1 switches playback from thefirst content stream to the second content stream and begins playback ofthe second content stream at the start of the most recent media itemreceived on the second content stream and buffered at the receivingdevice 14-1. In this manner, the receiving device 14-1 emulates a skipsuch that, to the user 16-1, it appears as though the user 16-1 hasskipped ahead in playback of the media station to the next media item.

In another embodiment, in addition to starting playback of the firstcontent stream, the receiving device 14-1 begins buffering one or moremost recent media items received on the other content stream, which isreferred to as a second content stream or auxiliary content stream. Inthis embodiment, rather than limiting buffering to one media item,buffering is limited to two or more media items. This buffering limitmay be a predefined number of media items (e.g., at most two songs andone advertisement) or a maximum number of media items that can be storedin the buffer (i.e., a limit resulting from a size of the buffer).During playback of the first content stream, the receiving device 14-1continues to receive the second content stream and buffer the one ormore most recent media items received on the second content stream.Thus, as new media items are received on the second content stream, theone or more most recent media items buffered by the receiving device14-1 are updated. When the user 16-1 initiates a skip, the receivingdevice 14-1 switches playback from the first content stream to thesecond content stream and begins playback of the second content streamat the start of the one or more most recent media items received on thesecond content stream and buffered at the receiving device 14-1.

Using the receiving device 22-1 as an example for the receiving devices22-1 through 22-N₂, the receiving device 22-1 generally operates toreceive the two content streams simultaneously transmitted by the mediastation server 12 for the media station via the terrestrial broadcastnetwork. More specifically, the broadcasting towers 26 and 28 receivethe two content streams for the media station from the media stationserver 12 and then broadcast the two content streams for the mediastation over the air. Preferably, the two content streams are broadcastover a single carrier frequency. For example, for HD radio, the twocontinent streams for a HD radio station are preferably simultaneouslytransmitted as sub-channels of a single HD radio frequency channel. Morespecifically, in one embodiment, for HD radio, a single carrierfrequency can deliver 300 kilobits per second (kb/s), and the twocontent streams may each use 100 kb/s while leaving the additional 100kb/s for additional audio or data services. The receiving device 22-1tunes to, or otherwise selects, a broadcast channel for the mediastation and begins playback of one of the two content streams, which isreferred to as a first content stream of the two content streams. Theone of the two content streams selected as the first content stream forplayback may be determined by the receiving device 22-1. For example, inorder to allow the skip feature to be available in the shortest amountof time, the receiving device 22-1 may select the one of the two contentstreams with the greatest amount of time before starting a next mediaitem as the first content stream.

In one embodiment, in addition to starting playback of the first contentstream, the receiving device 22-1 begins buffering a most recent mediaitem received on the other content stream, which is referred to as asecond content stream or auxiliary content stream. During playback ofthe first content stream, the receiving device 22-1 continues to receivethe second content stream and buffer the most recent media item receivedon the second content stream. Thus, as new media items are received onthe second content stream, the most recent media item buffered by thereceiving device 22-1 is updated. Note that the receiving device 22-1may be enabled to detect the end of one media item and the start of anext media item in a content stream using any known technique. Forexample, the content streams may include markers or breaks that identifythe start of each media item in the content stream. In addition, themarkers or breaks may identify the playback lengths of the media items,the file sizes of the media items, or the like. When the user 24-1initiates a skip, the receiving device 22-1 switches playback from thefirst content stream to the second content stream and begins playback ofthe second content stream at the start of the most recent media itemreceived on the second content stream and buffered at the receivingdevice 22-1. In this manner, the receiving device 22-1 emulates a skipsuch that, to the user 24-1, it appears as though the user 24-1 hasskipped ahead in playback of the media station to the next media item.

In another embodiment, in addition to starting playback of the firstcontent stream, the receiving device 22-1 begins buffering one or moremost recent media items received on the other content stream, which isreferred to as a second content stream or auxiliary content stream. Inthis embodiment, rather than limiting buffering to one media item,buffering is limited to two or more media items. This buffering limitmay be a predefined number of media items (e.g., at most two songs andone advertisement) or a maximum number of media items that can be storedin the buffer (i.e., a limit resulting from a size of the buffer).During playback of the first content stream, the receiving device 22-1continues to receive the second content stream and buffer the one ormore most recent media items received on the second content stream.Thus, as new media items are received on the second content stream, theone or more most recent media items buffered by the receiving device22-1 are updated. When the user 24-1 initiates a skip, the receivingdevice 22-1 switches playback from the first content stream to thesecond content stream and begins playback of the second content streamat the start of the one or more most recent media items received on thesecond content stream and buffered at the receiving device 22-1.

FIG. 2 is a graphical illustration of two content streams (STREAM A andSTREAM B) for a single media station, which in this example is a radiostation. As illustrated, each of the two content streams includes asequence of songs and audio advertisements. However, the presentinvention is not limited thereto. The two content streams are preferablytransmitted over a single communication channel, such as a single HDradio carrier frequency or a single IP multicast address.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary receiving device 34 accordingto one embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, themedia station provided by the media station server 12 (FIG. 1) is aradio station, and the receiving device 34 includes an HD radio receiver36 for receiving content streams for media stations from thebroadcasting towers 26 and 28 (FIG. 1) of the terrestrial broadcastinfrastructure. The HD radio receiver 36 is implemented in hardware. Inaddition, the receiving device 34 includes a network interface 38 forreceiving content streams for media stations from the streaming IPserver 18 via the IP based network 20 (FIG. 1). The network interface 38is implemented in hardware and may be a wired or wireless networkinterface to the IP based network 20. The HD radio receiver 36 and thenetwork interface 38 are controlled by a station select signal in orderto tune to, or otherwise select, a desired media station. Preferably,the station select signal is controlled by a user of the receivingdevice 34 via a user interface of or associated with the receivingdevice 34.

For this discussion, the HD radio receiver 36 and the network interface38 are tuned to the media station provided by the media station server12. The HD radio receiver 36 operates to receive the two content streams(STREAM A and STREAM B) for the media station from the broadcastingtowers 26 and 28 and output the content stream STREAM A to switch 40 andthe content stream STREAM B to switch 42. In a similar manner, thenetwork interface 38 operates to receive the two content streams (STREAMA and STREAM B) for the media station from the streaming IP server 18via the IP based network 20 and output the content stream STREAM A tothe switch 40 and the content stream STREAM B to the switch 42. Theswitches 40 and 42 are controlled via a source select signal toconfigure the receiving device 34 in either an HD radio mode ofoperation wherein the two content streams STREAM A and STREAM B from theHD radio receiver 36 are output by the switches 40 and 42, respectively,or an IP radio mode of operation wherein the two content streams STREAMA and STREAM B from the network interface 38 are output by the switches40 and 42, respectively. When in the IP radio mode, the receiving device34 operates as one of the receiving devices 14-1 through 14-N₁ ofFIG. 1. When in the HD radio mode, the receiving device 34 operates asone of the receiving devices 22-1 through 22-N₂ of FIG. 1.

The content stream STREAM A output by the switch 40 is buffered by astream A buffer 44. Likewise, the content stream STREAM B output by theswitch 42 is buffered by a stream B buffer 46. The stream A and stream Bbuffers 44 and 46 may be implemented in memory such as, for example,Random Access Memory (RAM). The outputs of the stream A and stream Bbuffers 44 and 46 are provided to a switch 48. The switch 48 iscontrolled by a stream A/stream B select signal. In one embodiment, thestream A/stream B select signal is controlled by a user interface of orassociated with the receiving device 34 such that the stream A/stream Bselect signal switches states when the user of the receiving device 34selects a skip input (e.g., a skip button).

The output of the switch 48, whether the output is the buffered contentstream STREAM A from the stream A buffer 44 or the buffered contentstream STREAM B from the stream B buffer 46, is processed by aCoding-Decoding (CODEC) and playback function 50 and a resulting outputsignal is presented, or rendered, to the user of the receiving device 34via one or more output devices 52. For example, if the media station isa radio station, the one or more output devices 52 may include one ormore speakers, and the output signal of the CODEC and playback function50 is one or more analog signals that drive the one or more speakers.The receiving device 34 also includes a buffer management function 54which operates to control the stream A and stream B buffers 44 and 46based on the stream A/stream B select signal to enable a skip functionas described below. Note that the buffer management function 54 may alsocontrol the rate at which content is clocked out of the buffers 44 and46. For example, in some situations, the buffer management function 54may slightly increase or decrease the rate at which content is clockedout of the stream A buffer 44 (or the stream B buffer 46) to slightlyincrease or decrease the speed of playback of the content stream STREAMA (or the content stream STREAM B).

The components of the receiving device 34 illustrated in FIG. 3 may beimplemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software. Forexample, in one embodiment, the HD radio receiver 36 and the networkinterface 38 are implemented in hardware, and the switches 40, 42, and48, the buffer management function 54, the CODEC and playback function50, and possibly the buffers 44 and 46 may be implemented in one or moreintegrated circuits such as one or more Application Specific IntegratedCircuits (ASICs), one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), orthe like. As another example, in another embodiment, the HD radioreceiver 36 and the network interface 38 are implemented in hardware,and the switches 40, 42, and 48, the buffer management function 54, theCODEC and playback function 50, and possibly the buffers 44 and 46 maybe implemented in software executed by a computing device (e.g., aprocessor) having associated memory (e.g., RAM). Other variations of howthe components of the receiving device 34 may be implemented in hardwareor a combination of hardware and software will be apparent to one ofordinary skill in the art upon reading this disclosure and are to beincluded within the scope of this disclosure.

FIGS. 4A through 4H graphically illustrate the operation of the buffermanagement function 54 and a skip function according to one embodimentof the present disclosure. FIG. 4A illustrates a portion of the twostreams STREAM A and STREAM B for the media station according to anexemplary embodiment of this disclosure. In this example, upon tuning tothe media station, the receiving device 34 may initially buffer aninitial amount of both STREAM A and STREAM B in order to provide smoothand continuous playback in a manner similar to that which is done fortraditional streaming content. For this discussion, however, thisinitial buffering is ignored for clarity and ease of discussion. FIG. 4Aillustrates a location of the output of the stream A buffer 44 (A)within STREAM A and a location of the output of the stream B buffer 46(B) within STREAM B upon initially tuning to the media station andstarting playback of STREAM A.

FIG. 4B illustrates the location of the output of the stream A buffer 44(A) within STREAM A and the location of the output of the stream Bbuffer 46 (B) within STREAM B after playback of STREAM A from time t₀ totime t₁. During this time, a portion of SONG_(A1) has been streamed toand played by the receiving device 34. While SONG_(A1) from STREAM A hasbeen playing, a portion of SONG_(B1) is received by the receiving device34 and stored in the stream B buffer 46. Note that the location of theoutput of the stream B buffer 46 (B) remains at the start of SONG_(B1),which is the most recent song streamed on STREAM B.

FIG. 4C illustrates the location of the output of the stream A buffer 44(A) within STREAM A and the location of the output of the stream Bbuffer 46 (B) within STREAM B after playback of STREAM A continues fromtime t₁ to time t₂. At time t₂, SONG_(B1) in STREAM B has completed, andSONG_(B2) in STREAM B begins. In this embodiment, only the most recentsong played in the auxiliary stream, which at this point is STREAM B, isbuffered. As such, the location of the output of the stream B buffer 46is set to the start of SONG_(B2). Note that SONG_(B1), which waspreviously stored in the stream B buffer 46, has been removed from thestream B buffer 46 in this embodiment. Also, due to the initialbuffering of both STREAM A and STREAM B before starting playback, thereis preferably a sufficient amount of SONG_(B2) already buffered toenable a smooth transition to playback of SONG_(B2) at time t₂ if theuser of the receiving device 34 were to initiate a skip.

FIG. 4D illustrates the location of the output of the stream A buffer 44(A) within STREAM A and the location of the output of the stream Bbuffer 46 (B) within STREAM B at time t₃. During the time from time t₂to time t₃, playback of SONG_(A1) has completed and playback ofSONG_(A2) in STREAM A has begun. During this time, a portion ofSONG_(B2) is received by the receiving device 34 in STREAM B and storedin the stream B buffer 46. Note that the location of the output of thestream B buffer 46 (B) remains at the start of SONG_(B2), which is nowthe most recent song streamed on STREAM B.

At time t₃, the user of the receiving device 34 makes a skip request. Inresponse, the switch 48 (FIG. 3) begins to output the buffered STREAM Bfrom the stream B buffer 46 to begin playback of STREAM B. Asillustrated in FIG. 4E, because the location of the output of the streamB buffer 46 (B) has been maintained at the start of the most recent songstreamed on STREAM B, which in this example is SONG_(B2), playback ofSTREAM B begins at the start of SONG_(B2). By switching playback fromSTREAM A to STREAM B beginning at the start of SONG_(B2), the receivingdevice 34 emulates a skip request. In other words, playbacksubstantially immediately switches from SONG_(A2) in STREAM A to thestart of playback of SONG_(B2) in STREAM B, thereby emulating a skipfeature. To the user of the receiving device 34, it appears as thoughthe user has been enabled to skip ahead in the programming of the radiostation. In this embodiment, once playback switches to STREAM B, anyremaining portion of the song from which the user skipped, which in thisexample is SONG_(A2), is no longer buffered in the stream A buffer 44.As such, the skip feature is disabled until the start of the next mediaitem (e.g., song or ad) on STREAM A. Note that an indicator may bepresented to the user of the receiving device 34 to notify the user whenthe skip feature is disabled, when the skip feature is enabled, or both.

FIG. 4F illustrates the location of the output of the stream A buffer 44(A) and the location of the output of the stream B buffer 46 (B) at timet₄. At time t₄, STREAM A has reached the end of SONG_(A2) and the startof the next song, which is SONG_(A3). As such, the location of theoutput of the stream A buffer 44 (A) is set to the start of SONG_(A3)and the skip feature is again enabled. FIG. 4G illustrates the locationof the output of the stream A buffer 44 (A) and the location of theoutput of the stream B buffer 46 (B) at time t₅. At time t₅, playback ofSTREAM B has continued, and the output of the stream A buffer 44 (A)remains at the start of SONG_(A3). At time t₅, during playback ofSONG_(B3) in STREAM B, the user of the receiving device 34 makes anotherskip request. In response, as illustrated in FIG. 4H, playback switchesfrom STREAM B to STREAM A beginning at the start of the most recent songon STREAM A, which in this case is SONG_(A3). In this embodiment, theskip feature is now disabled until the start of the next media item(e.g., song or ad) in STREAM B. From this point, playback continues inthe manner described above to enable the user of the receiving device 34to continue playback of the radio station and make skip requests.

FIGS. 5A through 5I graphically illustrate the operation of the buffermanagement function 54 and a skip function according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, rather thanbuffering a single most recent media item of the auxiliary stream (i.e.,the content stream not currently being played), more than one mostrecent media item of the auxiliary stream are buffered. Specifically, inthis example, at most two most recent media items of the auxiliarystream are buffered.

FIG. 5A illustrates a portion of the two streams STREAM A and STREAM Bfor the media station according to an exemplary embodiment of thepresent disclosure. In this example, upon tuning to the media station,the receiving device 34 may initially buffer an initial amount of bothSTREAM A and STREAM B. For this discussion, however, this initialbuffering is ignored for clarity and ease of discussion. FIG. 5Aillustrates a location of the output of the stream A buffer 44 (A)within STREAM A and a location of the output of the stream B buffer 46(B) within STREAM B upon initially tuning to the media station andstarting playback of STREAM A.

FIG. 5B illustrates the location of the output of the stream A buffer 44(A) within STREAM A and the location of the output of the stream Bbuffer 46 (B) within STREAM B after playback of STREAM A from time t₀ totime t₁. During this time, SONG_(A1), AD_(A1), and a portion ofSONG_(A2) have been streamed to and played by the receiving device 34.At the same time, SONG_(B1) and SONG_(B2) in STREAM B have been streamedto the receiving device 34 and stored in the stream B buffer 46.SONG_(B1) and SONG_(B2) are the two most recent songs received in STREAMB and are therefore buffered. Note that the location of the output ofthe stream B buffer 46 (B) remains at the start of SONG_(B1).

FIG. 5C illustrates the location of the output of the stream A buffer 44(A) within STREAM A and the location of the output of the stream Bbuffer 46 (B) within STREAM B after playback of STREAM A from time t₁ totime t₂. In this embodiment, either the size of the stream B buffer 46limits buffering to two songs or the buffer management function 54limits buffering to two songs. As such, once SONG_(B3) begins on STREAMB, SONG_(B2) and SONG_(B3) are the two most recent songs received onSTREAM B. As such, the buffer management function 54 sets the locationof the output of the stream B buffer 46 (B) to the start of SONG_(B2)such that SONG_(B2) and SONG_(B3) are now the two most recent songs ofSTREAM B being buffered in the stream B buffer 46. Further, in thisembodiment, SONG_(B1) is removed from the stream B buffer 46.

At time t₂, the receiving device 34 receives a skip request from theuser. In response, as illustrated in FIG. 5D, the receiving device 34switches playback from STREAM A to STREAM B beginning at the start ofthe first of the two most recent songs stored in the stream B buffer 46,which in this example is SONG_(B2). As illustrated in FIG. 5E, from timet₂ to time t₃, playback of SONG_(B2) continues. In this example, afterplayback of a portion of SONG_(B2), the receiving device 34 receivesanother skip request from the user. In response, as illustrated in FIG.5F, since the next song in STREAM B (SONG_(B3)) is buffered in thestream B buffer 46, the receiving device 34 skips ahead to SONG_(B3) inSTREAM B by setting the location of the output of the stream B buffer 46(B) to the start of SONG_(B3).

As illustrated in FIG. 5G, playback of STREAM B continues from time t₃to time t₄. Note that sometime between time t₃ and time t₄, the end ofSONG_(A3) (i.e., the song from which the user initially skipped ahead)and the beginning of SONG_(A4) occurs. At that point, the location ofthe output of the stream A buffer 44 (A) is set to the start ofSONG_(A4) and buffering of SONG_(A4) begins. At time t₄, the receivingdevice 34 receives another skip request from the user. In response, asillustrated in FIG. 5H, since buffering of the next song in STREAM B hasnot yet begun, the receiving device 34 switches playback from STREAM Bto STREAM A beginning at the start of SONG_(A4). Lastly, FIG. 5Iillustrates that buffering of STREAM B again resumes at the start of thenext media item in STREAM B, which in this example is SONG_(B5). Fromthis point, playback of the radio station continues in a similar manner.

It should be noted that while the discussion herein focuses on the useof two content streams to provide a skip function for a media station,the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, multiplecontent streams (i.e., more than two content streams) for a single mediastation or multiple media stations may be used to provide a skipfunction. More specifically, a receiving device simultaneously receivesthe multiple content streams transmitted for one or more media stations.The receiving device provides a skip function by buffering the multiplecontent streams and systematically switching playback among the multiplecontent streams in a manner similar to that described above for twocontent streams.

FIG. 6 illustrates the system 10 according to another embodiment of thepresent disclosure in which two or more content streams from one or moremedia stations are used to provide a skip function. In this embodiment,the system 10 is substantially the same as that described above withrespect to FIG. 1. However, in this embodiment, the system 10 includesone or more media station servers 12 operating to provide media contentstreams for corresponding media stations. As described below in detail,in one embodiment, the system 10 includes a single media station sever12 that operates to provide two or more content streams for a singlemedia station. In another embodiment, the system 10 includes two or moremedia station servers 12 that operate to provide two or more contentstreams for two or more corresponding media stations, where each mediastation server 12 operates to provide a single content stream for asingle corresponding media station.

FIG. 7A is a graphical illustration of multiple content streams (STREAM1, STREAM 2, and STREAM 3) for a single media station, which in thisembodiment is a single radio station. Note that while three contentstreams are illustrated in this example, there may be more than threecontent streams. As illustrated, each of the content streams includes asequence of songs and audio advertisements. However, the presentdisclosure is not limited thereto. The content streams are preferablytransmitted over a single communication channel, such as a single HDradio carrier frequency or a single IP multicast address.

FIG. 7B is a graphical illustration of multiple content streams (STREAM1, STREAM 2, and STREAM 3) for multiple media stations, which in thisembodiment are radio stations. Note that while three content streams areillustrated in this example, there may be any number of two or morecontent streams. Further, in this example, each content stream is for adifferent radio station. As illustrated, each of the content streamsincludes a sequence of songs and audio advertisements. However, thepresent disclosure is not limited thereto. The content streams arepreferably transmitted over different communication channels allocatedfor the different radio stations, such as different HD radio carrierfrequencies or different IP multicast addresses.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of an exemplary receiving device 56 for use inthe system 10 of FIG. 6 according to one embodiment of the presentdisclosure. As discussed below, the receiving device 56 may beconfigured in an IP radio mode of operation in which case the receivingdevice 56 corresponds to one of the receiving devices 14-1 through 14-N₁of FIG. 6 or an HD radio mode of operation in which case the receivingdevice 56 corresponds to one of the receiving devices 22-1 through 22-N₂of FIG. 6. In this embodiment, the one or more media stations providedby the one or more media station servers 12 (FIG. 6) are radio stations,and the receiving device 56 includes an HD radio receiver 58 forreceiving content streams for media stations from the broadcastingtowers 26 and 28 (FIG. 6) of the terrestrial broadcast infrastructure.The HD radio receiver 58 is implemented in hardware. In addition, thereceiving device 56 includes a network interface 60 for receivingcontent streams for media stations from the streaming IP server 18 viathe IP based network 20 (FIG. 6). The network interface 60 isimplemented in hardware and may be a wired or wireless network interfaceto the IP based network 20. The HD radio receiver 58 and the networkinterface 60 are controlled by a station select signal in order to tuneto, or otherwise select, a desired media station. In one embodiment, thestation select signal is controlled by a user of the receiving device 56via a user interface of or associated with the receiving device 56. Inanother embodiment, the station select signal is programmaticallycontrolled by a controller of the receiving device 56 (e.g., buffermanagement function 72).

In one embodiment, the receiving device 56 receives multiple contentstreams (STREAM 1 through STREAM M) for a single media station. In thiscase, the HD radio receiver 58 operates to receive the multiple contentstreams (STREAM 1 through STREAM M) for the media station from thebroadcasting towers 26 and 28 and output the content streams STREAM 1through STREAM M to corresponding switches 62-1 through 62-M. In asimilar manner, the network interface 60 operates to receive the contentstreams (STREAM 1 through STREAM M) for the media station from thestreaming IP server 18 via the IP based network 20 and output thecontent streams STREAM 1 through STREAM M to the corresponding switches62-1 through 62-M. The switches 62-1 through 62-M are controlled via asource select signal to configure the receiving device 56 in either anHD radio mode of operation wherein the content streams STREAM 1 throughSTREAM M from the HD radio receiver 58 are output by the switches 62-1through 62-M, respectively, or an IP radio mode of operation wherein thecontent streams STREAM 1 through STREAM M from the network interface 60are output by the switches 62-1 through 62-M, respectively. When in theIP radio mode, the receiving device 56 operates as one of the receivingdevices 14-1 through 14-N₁ of FIG. 6. When in the HD radio mode, thereceiving device 56 operates as one of the receiving devices 22-1through 22-N₂ of FIG. 6.

The content stream STREAM 1 output by the switch 62-1 is buffered by abuffer 64-1 (also referred to herein as STREAM 1 buffer 62-1). Likewise,the content streams STREAM 2 through STREAM M output by the switches62-2 through 62-M are buffered by corresponding buffers 64-2 through64-M (also referred to herein as STREAM 2 through STREAM M buffers 64-2through 64-M). The buffers 64-1 through 64-M may be implemented inmemory such as, for example, RAM. The outputs of the buffers 64-1through 64-M are provided to a switch 66. The switch 66 is controlled bya stream select signal. In this embodiment, the stream select signal isprovided by a buffer management function 72. However, in one embodiment,the stream select signal is controlled by a user interface of orassociated with the receiving device 56 such that the stream selectsignal sequentially steps through M states corresponding to the Mcontent streams as the user of the receiving device 56 selects a skipinput (e.g., a skip button).

The output of the switch 66 is processed by a CODEC and playbackfunction 68 and a resulting output signal is presented, or rendered, tothe user of the receiving device 56 via one or more output devices 70.For example, if the media station is a radio station, the one or moreoutput devices 70 may include one or more speakers, and the outputsignal of the CODEC and playback function 68 is one or more analogsignals that drive the one or more speakers.

The receiving device 56 also includes a buffer management function 72which operates to control the buffers 64-1 through 64-M and, in thisembodiment, the switch 66 based on a skip request input as describedbelow. The skip request input is preferably asserted when the user ofthe receiving device 56 initiates the skip function by, for example,pressing a skip button on a user interface of the receiving device 56.Note that the buffer management function 72 may also control the rate atwhich content is clocked out of the buffers 64-1 through 64-M. Forexample, in some situations, the buffer management function 72 mayslightly increase or decrease the rate at which content is clocked outof the buffer 64-1 to slightly increase or decrease the speed ofplayback of the content stream STREAM 1. For its operation, the buffermanagement function 72 preferably receives buffer status informationfrom the buffers 64-1 through 64-M. In addition, the buffer managementfunction 72 receives metadata for the songs received in the contentstreams. In one embodiment, the metadata for the songs is included inthe content streams and is received by the buffer management function 72from the buffers 64-1 through 64-M.

The components of the receiving device 56 illustrated in FIG. 8 may beimplemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software. Forexample, in one embodiment, the HD radio receiver 58 and the networkinterface 60 are implemented in hardware, and the switches 62-1 through62-M and 66, the buffer management function 72, the CODEC and playbackfunction 68, and possibly the buffers 64-1 through 64-M may beimplemented in one or more integrated circuits such as one or moreASICs, one or more FPGAs, or the like. As another example, in anotherembodiment, the HD radio receiver 58 and the network interface 60 areimplemented in hardware, and the switches 62-1 through 62-M and 66, thebuffer management function 72, the CODEC and playback function 68, andpossibly the buffers 64-1 through 64-M may be implemented in softwareexecuted by a computing device (e.g., a processor) having associatedmemory (e.g., RAM). Other variations of how the components of thereceiving device 56 may be implemented in hardware or a combination ofhardware and software will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in theart upon reading this disclosure and are to be included within the scopeof this disclosure.

FIGS. 9A through 9I graphically illustrate the operation of the buffermanagement function 72 of FIG. 8 to provide a skip function according toone embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 9A illustrates multiplestreams STREAM 1 through STREAM 3 simultaneously received by thereceiving device 56 of FIG. 8. Again, the multiple streams STREAM 1through STREAM 3 may be for a single media station or for differentmedia stations. In this example, initially, the receiving device 56buffers an initial amount of each of the streams STREAM 1 through STREAM3 in order to provide smooth and continuous playback in a manner similarto that which is done for traditional streaming content. For thisdiscussion however, this initial buffering is ignored for clarity andease of discussion. FIG. 9A illustrates locations of the outputs of thebuffers 64-1 through 64-3 (in this case M=3) at an initial time to atwhich the receiving device 56 begins playback. Note that the locationsof the outputs of the buffers 64-1 through 64-3 are represented bycorresponding downward arrows labeled 1, 2, and 3 for STREAM 1, STREAM2, and STREAM 3, respectively. The label for the downward arrowrepresenting the location of the output of the buffer 64-1 for STREAM 1is circled because STREAM 1 is currently playing.

FIG. 9B illustrates the locations of the outputs of the output buffers64-1 through 64-3 within the content streams STREAM 1 through STREAM 3after playback of STREAM 1 from time t₀ to time t₁. During this time, aportion of SONG_(1,1) from STREAM 1 has been playing, a portion of SONG2,1 is received by the receiving device 56 and stored in the buffer64-2, and a portion of SONG_(3,1) is received by the receiving device 56and stored in the buffer 64-3. Note that the locations of the outputs ofthe buffers 64-2 and 64-3 remain at the start of SONG_(2,1) andSONG_(3,1), respectively, which are the most recent songs streamed onSTREAM 2 and STREAM 3.

FIG. 9C illustrates the location of the output of the buffer 64-1 withinSTREAM 1, the location of the output of the buffer 64-2 within STREAM 2,and the location of the output of the buffer 64-3 within STREAM 3 afterplayback of STREAM 1 continues from time t₁ to time t₂. At time t₂,SONG_(2,1) in STREAM 2 has completed, and SONG_(2,2) in STREAM 2 begins.In this embodiment, only the most recent song played in the auxiliarystreams, which at this point are STREAM 2 and STREAM 3, are buffered. Assuch, the location of the output of the buffer 64-2 for STREAM 2 is setto the start of SONG_(2,2). Note that SONG_(2,1), which was previouslystored in the buffer 64-2 for STREAM 2, has been removed from the buffer64-2 for STREAM 2 in this embodiment. Also, due to the initial bufferingof STREAM 1, STREAM 2, and STREAM 3 before starting playback, there ispreferably a sufficient amount of SONG_(2,2) already buffered to enablea smooth transition to playback of SONG_(2,2) at time t₂ if the user ofthe receiving device 56 were to initiate a skip.

FIG. 9D illustrates the location of the output of the buffer 64-1 withinSTREAM 1, the location of the output of the buffer 64-2 within STREAM 2,and the location of the output of the buffer 64-3 within STREAM 3 attime t₃. During the time from time t₂ to time t₃, playback of SONG_(1,1)in STREAM 1 has completed and playback of SONG_(1,2) in STREAM 1 hasbegun. During this time, a portion of SONG_(2,2) is received by thereceiving device 56 in STREAM 2 and stored in the buffer 64-2 for STREAM2. Similarly, during this time, SONG_(3,1) and AD_(3,1) in STREAM 3 havecompleted and SONG_(3,2) in STREAM 3 has begun. As such, SONG_(3,1) andAD_(3,1) have been removed from the buffer 64-3 for STREAM 3 and aportion of SONG_(3,2) is now stored in the buffer 64-3 for STREAM 3.Note that the locations of the outputs of the buffers 64-2 and 64-3 forSTREAM 2 and STREAM 3 remain at the start of SONG_(2,2) and SONG_(3,2),respectively, which are now the most recent songs streamed on STREAM 2and STREAM 3.

At time t₃, the user of the receiving device 56 makes a skip request. Inresponse, the switch 66 (FIG. 8) is controlled to output the bufferedSTREAM 2 from the buffer 64-2 to begin playback of STREAM 2. In thisembodiment, the buffer management function 72 controls the switch 66 inresponse to the skip request. Alternatively, the skip request may beinput directly to the switch 66. Note that in this embodiment, thereceiving device 56 sequentially steps through the STREAMS 1 throughSTREAM 3 as skip requests are received. However, as discussed below, thebuffer management function 72 may alternatively select which auxiliarystream to which to switch based on DMCA limitations and/or userpreferences. Note that the DMCA limitations may be downloaded from oneor more remote sources such as the media station server 12. In additionto or as an alternative to DMCA limitations, one or more rules thatrestrict the use of content from STREAM 1 through STREAM 3 may bedownloaded from one or more remote sources such as, but not limited to,the media station server 12. These rules may be similar to DMCAlimitations but may be narrower or looser that the DMCA limitations.

As illustrated in FIG. 9E, because the location of the output of thebuffer 64-2 has been maintained at the start of the most recent songstreamed on STREAM 2, which in this example is SONG_(2,2), playback ofSTREAM 2 begins at the start of SONG_(2,2). By switching playback fromSTREAM 1 to STREAM 2 beginning at the start of SONG_(2,2), the receivingdevice 56 emulates a skip request. In other words, playbacksubstantially immediately switches from SONG_(1,2) in STREAM 1 to thestart of playback of SONG_(2,2) in STREAM 2, thereby emulating a skipfeature. In the embodiment where the STREAMS 1 through STREAM 3 are fora single radio station, to the user of the receiving device 56, itappears as though the user has been enabled to skip ahead in theprogramming of the radio station. In this embodiment, once playbackswitches to STREAM 2, any remaining portion of the song from which theuser skipped, which in this example is SONG_(1,2), is no longer bufferedin the buffer 64-1 for STREAM 1.

FIG. 9F illustrates the location of the output of the buffer 64-1 withinSTREAM 1, the location of the output of the buffer 64-2 within STREAM 2,and the location of the output of the buffer 64-3 within STREAM 3 attime t₄. During the time from time t₃ to time t₄, SONG_(2,2) and aportion of SONG_(2,3) has been played from STREAM 2. While SONG_(2,2)and SONG_(2,3) have been playing, SONG_(1,3) has begun in STREAM 1 and,as such, a portion of SONG_(1,3) has been received and stored in thebuffer 64-1 for STREAM 1 and the location of the output of the buffer64-1 for STREAM 1 has been set to the start of SONG_(1,3), which is nowthe most recent song streamed on STREAM 1. Likewise, while SONG_(2,2)and SONG_(2,3) have been playing, SONG_(3,2) in STREAM 3 has completedand SONG_(3,3) in STREAM 3 has begun. As such, SONG_(3,2) has beenremoved from the buffer 64-3 for STREAM 3 and a portion of SONG_(3,3)has been received and stored in the buffer 64-3 for STREAM 3. Thelocation of the output of the buffer 64-3 for STREAM 3 has been set tothe start of SONG_(3,3), which is now the most recent song streamed forSTREAM 3.

At time t₄, the user of the receiving device 56 makes a second skiprequest. In response, the switch 66 (FIG. 8) is controlled to output thebuffered STREAM 3 from the buffer 64-3 to begin playback of STREAM 3. Inthis embodiment, the buffer management function 72 controls the switch66 in response to the skip request. Alternatively, the skip request maybe input directly to the switch 66. Note that in this embodiment, thereceiving device 56 sequentially steps through the STREAMS 1 throughSTREAM 3 as skip requests are received. However, as discussed below, thebuffer management function 72 may alternatively select which auxiliarystream to which to switch based on DMCA limitations and/or userpreferences.

As illustrated in FIG. 9G, because the location of the output of thebuffer 64-3 has been maintained at the start of the most recent songstreamed on STREAM 3, which in this example is SONG_(3,3), playback ofSTREAM 3 begins at the start of SONG_(3,3). By switching playback fromSTREAM 2 to STREAM 3 beginning at the start of SONG_(3,3), the receivingdevice 56 emulates a skip request. In other words, playbacksubstantially immediately switches from SONG_(2,3) in STREAM 2 to thestart of playback of SONG_(3,3) in STREAM 3, thereby emulating a skipfeature. In the embodiment where the STREAMS 1 through STREAM 3 are fora single radio station, to the user of the receiving device 56, itappears as though the user has been enabled to skip ahead in theprogramming of the radio station. In this embodiment, once playbackswitches to STREAM 3, any remaining portion of the song from which theuser skipped, which in this example is SONG_(2,3), is no longer bufferedin the buffer 64-2 for STREAM 2.

FIGS. 9H and 9I graphically illustrate that upon receiving a third skiprequest at time t₅, playback is switched to the start of the most recentsong streamed for STREAM 1. At this point, the process continues asdescribed in order to sequentially step through STREAMS 1 through STREAM3 to provide the skip function.

FIGS. 10A through 10C graphically illustrate the operation of the buffermanagement function 72 of FIG. 8 to provide a skip function according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure. This embodiment issubstantially the same as that described above with respect to FIGS. 9Athrough 9I. However, in this embodiment, rather than sequentiallystepping through STREAM 1 through STREAM 3 as skip requests arereceived, the buffer management function 72 programmatically selects theauxiliary stream to which to switch based on DMCA limitations and/oruser preferences.

More specifically, FIG. 10A illustrates multiple streams STREAM 1through STREAM 3 simultaneously received by the receiving device 56 ofFIG. 8. Again, the multiple streams STREAM 1 through STREAM 3 may be fora single media station or for different media stations. In this example,initially, the receiving device 56 buffers an initial amount of each ofthe streams STREAM 1 through STREAM 3 in order to provide smooth andcontinuous playback in a manner similar to that which is done fortraditional streaming content. For this discussion however, this initialbuffering is ignored for clarity and ease of discussion. FIG. 10Aillustrates locations of the outputs of the buffers 64-1 through 64-3(in this case M=3) at an initial time to at which the receiving device56 begins playback. Note that the locations of the outputs of thebuffers 64-1 through 64-3 are represented by corresponding downwardarrows labeled 1, 2, and 3 for STREAM 1, STREAM 2, and STREAM 3,respectively. The label for the downward arrow representing the locationof the output of the buffer 64-1 for STREAM 1 is circled because STREAM1 is currently playing.

As illustrated in FIGS. 10B and 10C, at time t₁, the user of thereceiving device 56 makes a skip request. In response, the buffermanagement function 72 determines whether to switch playback to STREAM 2or STREAM 3. In one embodiment, the buffer management function 72determines whether switching playback to either STREAM 2 or STREAM 3would violate any DMCA limitations. More specifically, the buffermanagement function 72 maintains, or otherwise has access to, a playhistory of the receiving device 56. The play history may include a listof songs previously played by the receiving device 56 (e.g., GloballyUnique Identifiers (GUIDs) of the songs or titles of the songspreviously played), times at which those songs were played by thereceiving device 56, and, in some embodiments, metadata describing thesongs previously played by the receiving device 56 such as, forinstance, the artists of the songs, the albums on which the songs werereleased, or the like. In general, the play history includes anyinformation needed to determine compliance with DMCA limitations. Then,using the play history of the receiving device 56 and data thatidentifies and, in some embodiments, describes the most recentlystreamed songs for STREAM 2 and STREAM 3 that are buffered in thebuffers 64-2 and 64-3 for STREAM 2 and STREAM 3, which in this exampleare SONG_(2,2) and SONG_(3,2), the buffer management function 72determines whether switching playback to either STREAM 2 or STREAM 3would violate DMCA limitations. For example, if the play historyindicates that SONG_(2,2) was recently played and playback of SONG_(2,2)again is not yet permitted (e.g., predefined required amount of time hasnot yet elapsed since SONG_(2,2) was last played), then switchingplayback to STREAM 2 may be determined to violate DMCA or othercopyright limitations. In this example, switching playback to STREAM 2where playback would begin at the start of SONG_(2,2) would violate DMCAlimitations, but switching playback to STREAM 3 where playback wouldbegin at the start of SONG_(3,2) would not violate DMCA limitations. Assuch, the buffer management function 72 selects STREAM 3 and controlsthe switch 66 (FIG. 8) to output the buffered STREAM 3 from the buffer64-3 to begin playback of STREAM 3. As illustrated in FIG. 10C, becausethe location of the output of the buffer 64-3 has been maintained at thestart of the most recent song streamed on STREAM 3, which in thisexample is SONG_(3,2), playback of STREAM 3 begins at the start ofSONG_(3,2).

In another embodiment, in order to select the stream to which to switchplayback in response to the skip request, the buffer management function72 utilizes user preferences of the user of the receiving device 56. Theuser preferences may include, for example, one or more preferred musicgenres, one or more preferred artists, one or more preferred decades, orthe like and, optionally, weights assigned thereto. Metadata describingthe most recently streamed songs for STREAM 2 and STREAM 3, which inthis example are SONG_(2,2) and SONG_(3,2), the buffer managementfunction 72 determines which of most recently streamed songs for STREAM2 and STREAM 3 most closely matches the user preferences of the user ofthe receiving device 56. In this example, SONG_(3,2) more closelymatches the user preferences of the user. As such, the buffer managementfunction 72 selects STREAM 3 and controls the switch 66 (FIG. 8) tooutput the buffered STREAM 3 from the buffer 64-3 to begin playback ofSTREAM 3. As illustrated in FIG. 10C, because the location of the outputof the buffer 64-3 has been maintained at the start of the most recentsong streamed on STREAM 3, which in this example is SONG_(3,2), playbackof STREAM 3 begins at the start of SONG_(3,2).

FIGS. 11A through 11C graphically illustrate the operation of the buffermanagement function 72 of FIG. 8 according to another embodiment of thepresent disclosure. In this embodiment, rather than buffering a singlemost recent media item of the auxiliary streams (i.e., the contentstreams not currently being played), more than one most recent mediaitem of the auxiliary streams are buffered. Specifically, in thisexample, at most two most recent media items of the auxiliary streamsare buffered.

FIG. 11A illustrates multiple streams STREAM 1 through STREAM 3simultaneously received by the receiving device 56 of FIG. 8. Again, themultiple streams STREAM 1 through STREAM 3 may be for a single mediastation or for different media stations. In this example, initially, thereceiving device 56 buffers an initial amount of each of the streamsSTREAM 1 through STREAM 3 in order to provide smooth and continuousplayback in a manner similar to that which is done for traditionalstreaming content. For this discussion however, this initial bufferingis ignored for clarity and ease of discussion. FIG. 11A illustrateslocations of the outputs of the buffers 64-1 through 64-3 (in this caseM=3) at an initial time to at which the receiving device 56 beginsplayback. Note that the locations of the outputs of the buffers 64-1through 64-3 are represented by corresponding downward arrows labeled 1,2, and 3 for STREAM 1, STREAM 2, and STREAM 3, respectively. The labelfor the downward arrow representing the location of the output of thebuffer 64-1 for STREAM 1 is circled because STREAM 1 is currentlyplaying.

FIG. 11B illustrates the locations of the outputs of the output buffers64-1 through 64-3 within the content streams STREAM 1 through STREAM 3after playback of STREAM 1 from time t₀ to time t₁. During this time,numerous songs and advertisements have played from STREAM 1. WhileSTREAM 1 has been playing, STREAM 2 and STREAM 3 have been received bythe receiving device 56 and the two most recent songs in each of STREAM2 and STREAM 3 have been buffered in the buffers 64-2 and 64-3 of STREAM2 and STREAM 3, respectively. As such, at this point, the location ofthe output of the buffer 64-2 for STREAM 2 is set to the start ofSONG_(2,4), and the location of the output of the buffer 64-3 for STREAM3 is set to the start of SONG_(3,4).

At time t₁, the user of the receiving device 56 makes a skip request. Inresponse, the switch 66 (FIG. 8) is controlled to output the bufferedSTREAM 2 from the buffer 64-2 to begin playback of STREAM 2. In thisembodiment, the buffer management function 72 controls the switch 66 inresponse to the skip request. Alternatively, the skip request may beinput directly to the switch 66. Note that in this embodiment, thereceiving device 56 sequentially steps through the STREAMS 1 throughSTREAM 3 as skip requests are received. However, as discussed below, thebuffer management function 72 may alternatively select which auxiliarystream to which to switch based on DMCA limitations and/or userpreferences.

As illustrated in FIG. 11C, because the location of the output of thebuffer 64-2 has been maintained at the start of the two most recentsongs streamed on STREAM 2, which in this example are SONG_(2,4) andSONG_(2,5), playback of STREAM 2 begins at the start of SONG_(2,4). Byswitching playback from STREAM 1 to STREAM 2 beginning at the start ofSONG_(2,4), the receiving device 56 emulates a skip feature. In otherwords, playback substantially immediately switches from SONG_(1,5) inSTREAM 1 to the start of playback of SONG_(2,4) in STREAM 2, therebyemulating a skip feature. In the embodiment where the STREAMS 1 throughSTREAM 3 are for a single radio station, to the user of the receivingdevice 56, it appears as though the user has been enabled to skip aheadin the programming of the radio station. In this embodiment, onceplayback switches to STREAM 2, any remaining portion of the song fromwhich the user skipped, which in this example is SONG_(1,5), is nolonger buffered in the buffer 64-1 for STREAM 1. From this point, theprocess is continued such that playback sequentially steps throughSTREAMS 1, 2, and 3 in response to subsequent skip requests. Notehowever, that in one embodiment, upon receiving a subsequent skiprequest, playback may skip ahead to the next song in STREAM 2.

FIGS. 12A through 12C graphically illustrate the operation of the buffermanagement function 72 of FIG. 8 to provide a skip function according toanother embodiment of the present disclosure. This embodiment issubstantially the same as that described above with respect to FIGS. 11Athrough 11C. However, in this embodiment, rather than sequentiallystepping through STREAM 1 through STREAM 3 as skip requests arereceived, the buffer management function 72 programmatically selects theauxiliary stream to which to switch based on DMCA limitations and/oruser preferences.

More specifically, FIG. 12A illustrates multiple streams STREAM 1through STREAM 3 simultaneously received by the receiving device 56 ofFIG. 8. Again, the multiple streams STREAM 1 through STREAM 3 may be fora single media station or for different media stations. In this example,initially, the receiving device 56 buffers an initial amount of each ofthe streams STREAM 1 through STREAM 3 in order to provide smooth andcontinuous playback in a manner similar to that which is done fortraditional streaming content. For this discussion however, this initialbuffering is ignored for clarity and ease of discussion. FIG. 12Aillustrates locations of the outputs of the buffers 64-1 through 64-3(in this case M=3) at an initial time to at which the receiving device56 begins playback. Note that the locations of the outputs of thebuffers 64-1 through 64-3 are represented by corresponding downwardarrows labeled 1, 2, and 3 for STREAM 1, STREAM 2, and STREAM 3,respectively. The label for the downward arrow representing the locationof the output of the buffer 64-1 for STREAM 1 is circled because STREAM1 is currently playing.

As illustrated in FIGS. 12B and 12C, at time t₁, the user of thereceiving device 56 makes a skip request. In response, the buffermanagement function 72 determines whether to switch playback to STREAM 2or STREAM 3. In one embodiment, the buffer management function 72determines whether switching playback to either STREAM 2 or STREAM 3would violate any DMCA limitations. More specifically, the buffermanagement function 72 maintains, or otherwise has access to, a playhistory of the receiving device 56. The play history may include a listof songs previously played by the receiving device 56, times at whichthose songs were played by the receiving device 56, and, in someembodiments, metadata describing the songs previously played by thereceiving device 56 such as, for instance, the artists of the songs, thealbums on which the songs were released, or the like. In general, theplay history includes any information needed to determine compliancewith DMCA limitations. Then, using the play history of the receivingdevice 56 and, in some embodiments, data that identifies and describesthe most recently streamed songs for STREAM 2 and STREAM 3 that arebuffered in the buffers 64-2 and 64-3 for STREAM 2 and STREAM 3, whichin this example are SONG_(2,4), SONG_(2,5), SONG_(3,4), and SONG_(3,5),the buffer management function 72 determines whether switching playbackto either STREAM 2 or STREAM 3 would violate DMCA limitations. In thisexample, switching playback to STREAM 2 where playback would begin atthe start of SONG_(2,4) and then proceed to SONG_(2,5) would violateDMCA limitations, but switching playback to STREAM 3 where playbackwould begin at the start of SONG_(3,4) and then proceed to SONG_(3,5)would not violate DMCA limitations. As such, the buffer managementfunction 72 selects STREAM 3 and controls the switch 66 (FIG. 8) tooutput the buffered STREAM 3 from the buffer 64-3 to begin playback ofSTREAM 3. As illustrated in FIG. 12C, because the location of the outputof the buffer 64-3 has been maintained at the start of SONG_(3,4),playback of STREAM 3 begins at the start of SONG_(3,4).

In another embodiment, in order to select the stream to which to switchplayback in response to the skip request, the buffer management function72 utilizes user preferences of the user of the receiving device 56. Theuser preferences may include, for example, one or more preferred musicgenres, one or more preferred artists, one or more preferred decades, orthe like and, optionally, weights assigned thereto. Metadata describingthe most recently streamed songs for STREAM 2 and STREAM 3, which inthis example are SONG_(2,4), SONG_(2,5), SONG_(3,4), and SONG_(3,5), thebuffer management function 72 determines whether the two most recentlystreamed songs for STREAM 2 or the two most recently streamed songs forSTREAM 3 most closely match the user preferences of the user of thereceiving device 56. In this example, SONG_(3,4) and SONG_(3,5) moreclosely match the user preferences of the user. As such, the buffermanagement function 72 selects STREAM 3 and controls the switch 66 (FIG.8) to output the buffered STREAM 3 from the buffer 64-3 to beginplayback of STREAM 3. As illustrated in FIG. 12C, because the locationof the output of the buffer 64-3 has been maintained at the start ofSONG_(3,4), playback of STREAM 3 begins at the start of SONG_(3,4).

The systems and methods described herein provide substantial opportunityfor variation without departing from the scope of the presentdisclosure. For example, in FIG. 8, the architecture of the receivingdevice 56 is such that the receiving device 56 is either in HD radio orIP radio mode. However, in an alternative embodiment, the receivingdevice 56 may be configured to simultaneously receive one or more HDradio content streams and one or more IP radio content streams for oneor more radio stations. The receiving device 56 may the switch playbackbetween the streams to emulate a skip feature in a manner similar tothat described above.

Those skilled in the art will recognize improvements and modificationsto the preferred embodiments of the present invention. All suchimprovements and modifications are considered within the scope of theconcepts disclosed herein and the claims that follow.

What is claimed is:
 1. A receiving device comprising: receiver circuitryadapted to receive multiple content streams; a plurality of buffers,each buffer adapted to buffer a content stream of the multiple contentstreams; switching circuitry adapted to output a designated buffer ofthe plurality of buffers; playback circuitry adapted to provide playbackof the content stream buffered by the designated buffer; and buffermanagement circuitry adapted to: effect the playback of the contentstream buffered by the designated buffer; control the plurality ofbuffers such that, for each buffer other than the designated buffer:only a most recent media item received in a content steam buffered bythe buffer is buffered and the output of the buffer is set to a start ofthe most recent media item; and in response to a skip request, effectingthe playback of a second content stream buffered by a second buffer; andcontrol the plurality of buffers such that, for each buffer other thanthe second buffer: only a most recent media item received in a contentsteam buffered by the buffer is buffered and the output of the buffer isset to a start of the most recent media item.
 2. The device of claim 1,wherein the device is one of a group consisting of: a personal computer,a mobile smartphone, a network enabled portable media player, a set-topbox, and a HD radio receiver.
 3. The device of claim 1, wherein thecontent of the multiple content streams is one of a group of contenttypes consisting of: songs, news, audio advertisements, televisionprograms, movies, and video advertisements.
 4. The device of claim 3,wherein the content of the multiple content streams comprises one ormore of the content types.
 5. The device of claim 1, further comprisingan interface wherein the switching circuitry is controlled by theinterface.
 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the interface is a skipinput.
 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the skip input is a skipbutton.
 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the buffer managementcircuitry is further adapted to increase the rate at which content ofthe corresponding content stream is clocked out of the buffer to effectan increase in the speed of playback of the content stream.
 9. Thedevice of claim 1, wherein the buffer management circuitry is furtheradapted to decrease the rate at which content of the correspondingcontent stream is clocked out of the buffer to effect a decrease in thespeed of playback of the content stream.
 10. A media station servercomprising components including: a network interface; and a controllerassociated with the network interface, adapted to: access media itemsfrom a content database; generate one or more programming schedules fortwo or more content streams of a media station, each stream comprising aplurality of media items such that any receiving device receiving thetwo or more content streams is compliant with one or more digital rightsmanagement restrictions during playback of the two or more contentstreams including skip events that may occur at the receiving deviceduring the playback of the two or more content streams; andsimultaneously transmit the two or more content streams for the mediastation, wherein at least one of the components includes at least oneelectronic hardware component
 11. The media station server of claim 10,wherein the media station comprises at least one of a radio station anda television station.
 12. The media station server of claim 10, whereinin simultaneously transmitting the two or more content streams, thecontroller is adapted to simultaneously transmit the two or more contentstreams using one of a group of: a terrestrial broadcast transmission,an Internet Protocol (IP) transmission, and a satellite transmission.13. The media station server of claim 12, wherein the IP transmissioncomprises one of a group of: real time streaming and progressivedownloading.
 14. The media station server of claim 12, wherein the IPtransmission comprises a different multicast channel for each of the twoor more content streams.
 15. The media station server of claim 10,wherein the one or more digital rights management restriction compriselimitations of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA).
 16. Themedia station server of claim 10 wherein the one or more digital rightsmanagement restrictions include preventing a skip event for a skip fromone media item to another media item if the skip would violate the oneor more rights management rules
 17. A system in which a skip feature isimplemented comprising components including: a media station servercomprising: a network interface; and a controller associated with thenetwork interface, adapted to: access media items from a contentdatabase; generate one or more programming schedules for two or morecontent streams of a media station, each stream comprising a pluralityof media items; simultaneously transmit the two or more content streamsfor the media station; and send digital rights management restrictionsto a receiving device, wherein the digital rights managementrestrictions enable a skip feature at the receiving device receivedduring playback of the two or more content streams to be compliant withthe digital rights management restrictions, and the receiving devicecomprising: receiver circuitry adapted to receive the two or morecontent streams; a plurality of buffers, each buffer adapted to buffer acontent stream of the two or more content streams; and control circuitryadapted to: output a designated buffer of the plurality of buffers;provide playback of the content stream buffered by the designatedbuffer; effect the playback of the content stream buffered by thedesignated buffer; control the plurality of buffers; and in response toa skip request, effecting the playback of a second content stream of thetwo or more content streams buffered by a second buffer of the pluralityof buffers in accordance with the digital rights managementrestrictions, wherein at least one of the components includes at leastone electronic hardware component.
 18. The system of claim 17, whereinsending digital rights management restrictions to the receiving devicecomprises sending limitations of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act(DMCA).